Protective system



Oc 27, 1 J. F. TRlTLE ET AL 4 PROTECTIVE SYSTEM Filed July 29, 1952 Confroi her Auxiliaries Inveni'or-s: John F. Trifle, Jacob VV. M'CNQiTH, 3 W 00% Their Afrorne g.

Patented Oct. 27, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE PROTECTIVE SYSTEM John F. Tritle and Jacob W. McNairy, Erie, Pa.,

assignors to General Electric Company, a corporation of New York Application July 29, 1932, Serial No. 626,073

16 Claims. (Cl. 191-8) Our invention relates to protective systems for load and the auxiliaries are first deenergized. If alternating current railway traction drives, more the abnormal condition continues the pantograph particularly to the provision of a protective relay is connected directly to ground though the relay system responsive to overload and fault current continues to be energized. The grounding of the flow, and has for an object the provision of a pantograph causes the substation circuit breaksimple and reliable protective system providing ers to open to deenergize the trolley and the great flexibility of operation. power transformer. The relay then operates to In railway systems of the alternating current lower the pantograph thereby removing the type a load transformer has its primary coil faulty locomotive from the system. The pantoconnected to a. pantograph and to ground, while graph cannot be raised to connect the locomotive 10 from the secondary coil there are connected load to the trolley until the relay has been manually and auxiliary power supply circuits. The neces reset. sity for protection of the system against overload For a, more complete understanding of our inand against grounds or other fault conditions vention reference should now be had to the of a similar nature is well recognized by those accompanying drawing in which we have dia- 15 skilled in the art. Heretofore, separate relays grammatically illustrated our invention as aphave been designed for operation in response to plied to a railway locomotive. the abnormal conditions which sometimes arise It is believed that a clear understanding of the during the operation of a locomotive. The use arrangement and operation of thevarious parts of a separate relay for each abnormal condition, of the system will be best understood from a 20 however, complicates the wiring and leaves somecomplete description of the operation of the systhing to be desired in the selectivity of operaterm as a whole and therefore the construction tion of the relays and in the flexibility of the and arrangement of certain of the devices only system. will be first described in detail.

In carrying out our invention in one form Referring to the drawing, we have shown our 25 thereof, we obtain overload and ground protecinvention in one form as applied to a locomotive tion of the system by means of a single relay. having apantograph l0 arranged to conduct cur- More specifically, we provide relay operating rent from a trolley l I through the primary coil means provided with a stator field winding, which l2 of a power transformer l3. The return ciris energized in accordance with the load current cuit of the primary coil I2 is indicated by the 30 flowing to and from the primary coil of the power ground connection M. The magnitude of the transformer, and with a second stator winding, voltage applied to the electric motors represented energized in accordance with the difference beby motor load I 6 is controlled by means of a tween the current flowing into and the current controller I! which may be of any suitable type flowing out of the primary coil of the power of which there are many known to the art. 35 transformer. Each winding is arranged to op- Though other types of motors may be used, erate the relay independently of the other in for example a repulsion motor, the operating response to a predetermined current flow. The element I8 of the protective relay [9 preferably second winding is also arranged to be energized consists of a shaded pole, split phase induction to operate the relay in response to ground fault motor. The rotor 20 of the operating element 40 current flowing from a grounded mid-tap on the I8 is connected to a relay operating shaft 2| by power transformer secondary coil to ground. The means of the reduction gearing 22 and 23. As relay is suitably biased against a latch, which shown, two stator coils 24, 25 and a winding 26 latch under the influence of a transformer-voltare provided on the motor. The stator of the age responsive coil prevents reverse operation of operating element I8 is provided with two poles 45 the relay as long as there is voltage on the about which are respectively mounted the coils transformer. By providing the relay with a plu- 24 and 25 forming the overload protective windrality of properly connected contacts we accoming 2425. These coils are connected in a closed plish protection of the system against overload, series circuit which includes a current transagainst grounds or short circuits, and against former 28 responsive to the current entering the ground or short circuits which result in grounds transformer primarycoil l2 and a current transin the transformer secondary coil. The usual former 29 responsive to the current leaving the sequence of operation initiated by the operation transformer primary coil, the said current transof the relay is as follows: All power circuits informers being connected in series accumulative ternal to the locomotive comprising the motor relation with respect to each other. Whenevera current of predetermined magnitude flows through the series circuit, the coils 24 and 25 cause rotation of the rotor 20 in a counterclockwise direction to operate the relay IS.

The winding 26, which may consist of one or more coils as in the case of the overload winding, is arranged about the stator poles to cause rotation of the rotor 20 and the operation of the relay upon a predetermined energization thereof. This winding 26 is connected at 21 between the coils 24 and 25 and at 30 to a conductor 32 forming a part of the closed series circuit traced above. By connecting the winding 26 in this manner, it is energized by the current transformers in response to the difference between the current entering and the current leaving the transformer primary coil 12. For example, if a ground fault occurs in the primary coil I3 it will be seen that less current will flow through the current transformer 29 than flows through 28 inasmuch as the additional return circuit by way of the ground fault provides an easier path for the current to return to the source of supply than through the ground connection i4. Current will then flow from the current transformer 28 through the coil 26 and the coil 24. A ground protective circuit is thereby provided by means of which the relay is operated. The winding 26 is provided with a substantially larger number of turns than the coil 24 so that the winding 26 produces a greater torque on the rotor 20 than the coil 24 for equal values of current. The coil 24 is preferably connected in cumulative relation with respect to the winding 26 so that it assists this winding dur ing the differential operation. Since the winding 26 has the larger number of turns the relay can be operated by fault current even though the coil 24 is differentially connected with respect to the winding 26.

The winding 26 also serves to operate the relay upon the occurrence of grounds or short circuits, or against grounds or short circuits which result in grounds in the transformer secondary coil 33. This result is accomplished by connecting the winding 26 to a current transformer 34 responsive to the current flow in a normally grounded circuit provided for the transformer secondary coil. This circuit may be traced from substantially the mid-portion 35 of the secondary coil 33 by conductors 31 and 38, a variable resistor 39 and by conductor 40 to ground 14. As shown, only a section 42 of the resistance 39 is included in the normal transformer-secondary ground circuit. The value of the resistance section 42 is selected so that a ground one tap away from the mid-portion 35 of the transformer secondary coil will cause operation of the relay. By operating a resistance shunting switch 44 sections 45 and 46 of the resistance 39 are successively included in the ground circuit. The resistance section 45 prevents operation of the relay due to the current transformer 34 except on abnormally excessive transformer secondary ground faults, while the section 46 limits the current flow through the current transformer 34 so that the relay I9 is not operated though grounds exist in the transformer secondary 33.

It will be observed that the rotor 28 when energized for rotation in the counter-clockwise direction by either of its windings is opposed by a tension spring 58 attached by a chain 52 to a cam 53 secured to the relay operating shaft 2|. The cam 53 is formed so that the torque on the shaft due to the spring is maintained substantially constant or decreases slightly so that after the relay starts to operate it will continue to travel so long as the original tripping current is maintained. As shown, this is accomplished by mounting the cam off center so that the radius to the point of contact with the chain 52 decreases as the relay rotates. As soon as the shaft 2| is rotated a slight amount in the clockwise direction, a cam 56, secured to a disk 51 carried by the shaft 2i, strikes one end 58 of a lever 59. This lever is pivoted at 60 and its upper end 6! forms a latch for a tripping arm or member 62 of a trip-free switch 63. The switch 63 in cooperation with the interlock contacts 64 operated with the circuit breaker 65 normally maintains a holding circuit for the circuit breaker. However, when the cam 56 engages the lower end 58 of the lever 59, the switch 63 by means of a tension spring 68 is operated to its open position to interrupt the circuit breaker holding circuit.

It is now believed that a comprehensive understanding of the invention, including the construction and arrangement of the various apparatus as well as its operation will be facilitated by a description of the operation of the system as a whole.

In the operation of our invention the circuit breaker 65 is closed by means of a push button switch 10 which closes an energizing circuit for the operating coil ll of the circuit breaker 65. This circuit may be traced from the supply line 12 by conductor 63, push button station 10, op erating coil H, and by conductor 14 to the other supply line 15. Consequent to the closing of the circuit breaker a holding circuit for its operating coil H may be traced from the supply line 12 by conductor (3, switch 63, conductor 11, contacts 64, operating coil 'H and by conductor 14 to the other supply line 15.

The locomotive is now accelerated by the operation of the controller 11. The controller, as is well understood in the art, serves to vary the connections of the secondary 33 of the transformer l3 so as to control the voltage applied to the motors. If an excessive load current is taken by the motors the secondary current from the series connected current transformers 28 and 29 flowing through the windings 24 and 25 of the relay will be suflicient to cause the rotor 20 to be rotated in a counter-clockwise direction. As We have already explained, the cam 56 thereupon trips the switch 63 which opens the holding circuit to the circuit breaker 65. A signal light 86 located in the cab of the locomotive is energized by contacts 8! on the switch 63 to inform the engineer that the relay has tripped out the circuit breaker. Besides deenergizing the motor load l6, the switch 63 by means of contacts 82 at the same time deenergizes a contactor 83. The opening of this contactor deenergizes the auxiliaries 84 so that all internal power circuits of the locomotive are deenergized. The auxiliaries include the blower motor, compressor motor, etc. The result of the tripping of the switch 63 causes the tripping arm 62 to come to rest against a stop 85.

is rotated until the latch 6| secures the lower end of the member 62 in its original position. As soon as the push button is released to deenergize the solenoid 89, the spring 68 rotates the member 52 about the latch 6| to close the switch 63. By providing the trip-free arrangement described it is not possible for the operator to maintain a holding circuit for the circuit breaker 65 or for the contactor 83. In other words, the operation of the switch 63 is substantially independent of the operator. The push button 86 may be used as a stop button. For example, if the push button 86 is depressed when the switch 52 is in its closed circuit position the solenoid 89 will operate the switch 63 to its open position which in turn trips the breakers 65 and 83. As soon as the push button 86 is released the switch 63 will be returned to its closed position. To reclose the circuit breaker, it is again necessary to operate the push button I'D.

Continuing with the description, as soon as the circuit breaker 65 deenergizes the motors 16 the tension spring 50 returns the relay to its original position. The original position, as shown in the drawing, is determined by means of a stop 92 formed by a projection 93 on the disk 5! and the notched end 94' of a lever 94. The lever 94 is pivoted at 95 and is biased downwardly by a spring 96. A voltage release coil 91 normally energized from the secondary winding 33 of the transformer I3 opposes the bias of the spring 99 to maintain the lever 94 against a stop 98 so that the projection 93 always strikes the lever 94 unless the coil 9! has been deenergized. Thus it will be seen that under predetermined conditions, the voltage responsive coil ill and the biasing spring 50 cooperate automatically to reset the relay.

It will now be assumed that there is a ground fault in the primary winding I2 of the transformer, that the relay has started to operate and that the switch 63 has been tripped to deenergize the internal power supply circuits. As a result of this short circuit, more current flows through the current transformer 28 than through the transformer 29 because a portion, or all, of the current taken from the trolley I I returns through the ground in the primary winding. The resultant current through the winding 26 as well as the currents in coils 24 and 25 will energize the relay so that the disk 51 will continue to be rotated in the clockwise direction. A projection I secured to the disk after an interval of time, engages a lever I02 torotate it about its pivot point I03 thereby to close the contacts I04. Consequent to the closing of the contacts I04 an energizing circuit for a grounding switch I06 may be traced from the supply line I2, operating coil of the grounding switch I06, conductor I01, contacts I04 and by conductor I4 to the other supply line I5. As a result of the closing of the grounding switch I06 a grounding circuit is completed at a point I09 on the trolley lead-in conductor H0. The result of grounding the trolley II is to cause the sub-station circuit breakers to be tripped, thereby deenergizing the trolley. B-y grounding the trolley below the current transformer 28, as indicated at I09, additional protection of the apparatus is secured in case the substation breakers do not immediately deenergize the trolley. This will be clear by observing that when the grounding switch I06 closes, a current of great magnitude flows from the trolley I I,by pantograph I0, conductors H0 and III, and by grounding switch I06, to ground. Since the current transformer 28 is responsive to the current flowing in the conductor IIO the relay will be held in its operation position with the contacts I64 closed. The relay, therefore, functions to avoid the possibility of the lowering of the pantographwhile the large current is flowing to ground. The pantograph and the trolley are thereby protected against damage which would inevitably occur if the pantograph were lowered during the flow of the abnormally high current. It will also be observed that as soon as the grounding switch I06 is operated to its closed position the potential coil 91 is deenergized and the latch 92 is operated in a clockwise direction by the spring 96.

It will now be assumed that the substation breakers have opened to deenergize the trolley I I. The spring 59 thereupon rotates the disk 5'1 in a counterclockwise direction or towards its original position. Under the conditions assumed, the disk 51 continues its counterclockwise rotation beyond the position shown in the drawing because the stop 92 is no longer effective in arresting its movement. The continued movement of the disk 51 rotates a projection i I5 into engagement with a lever II 6 pivoted at H1. The rotation of the lever II6 closes the contacts IIS to complete an energizing circuit for the operating coil H9 of a valve I20. supply line I2, operating coil IE9, conductor I21, contacts H8 and by conductor I4 to the other supply line I5. The opening of the valve I20 releases the air pressure normally exerted against piston I28 so that the pantograph I0 is lowered under the influence of the tension spring I39. The pantograph I0, it will now be seen, cannot be lowered unless the stator windings of the relay and the voltage coil 91 are deenergized. Therefore, no arcing occurs between the pantograph I0 and the trolley I I as the pantograph is lowered.

The relay is now latched into position with the contacts H8 closed. The latching is accomplished by designing the lengths of members 94 and H6 so that as the member H6 is rotated to close the contacts II8 the notched end 9 posltively latches the contacts closed. Before the pantograph I0 may be raised, it is necessary to reset the relay I9 manually. A reset lever I95 is freely mounted on the shaft 2| and is provided with an extension I 36 which is arranged to engage the lever 94 when the reset arm I35 is rotated in a clockwise direction. The projection I36 raises the lever 94 to its original position and by means of a rearwardly extending extens on I39 secured to the disk 51 the reset arm I35 also rotates the disk 5! in a clockwise direction until the projection 93 again reaches a position to be engaged by the notched end 94' of member ea. As the relay is reset the contacts IIB are opened by a tension spring I40 and the relay is now in readiness for further operation.

It will be assumed that a fault occurs on the locomotive of sufficient magnitude to operate the substation breakers in one-half cycle. The relay in response to a fault of such magnitude receives an impulse sufiicient to cause the d sk 51 to be rotated a slight amount in a clockwise direction. The opening of the substation breakers, of course. deenergizes the trolley II so that the potential coil 91 is also deenergized. Consequently. the member 94 under the influence of the spring 96 is rotated out of engagement with the projection 93. The torque impulse which operated the relay an amount sufiicient for the relay to unlatch itse f immediately disappears and the relay in response to the-torque exerted by the spring 50 closes the This circuit may be traced from the contacts H8 to lower the pantograph ill. That the relay will unlatch itself on the occurrence of a fault of substantially one-half cycle duration has been verified in actual practice. If the relay did not lower the pantograph, the defective locomotive would remain connected to the trolley so that the trolley could not be reenergized by the closing of the substation circuit breakers.

By providing the circuit from the mid-portion 35 of the transformer secondary winding 33 to ground, the relay is operated in response to ground faults in the transformer secondary or in case of a ground or short circuit which results in a ground in the secondary winding or in case of a ground in the auxiliary circuits of the locomotive. As we have stated, the auxiliary circuits are ordinarily provided for feeding auxiliaries such as blowers, compressors, heaters and the like. As shown, the energization of the auxiliaries 84 is controlled by the contactor 83 which in turn is operated by the relay 19.

Assuming now that a ground occurs in the transformer secondary coil 33 one tap from the grounded mid-portion 35. Current will then flow by conductors 35, 31 and 38, resistance section 42, conductor 40 and by ground M to the grounded coil of the transformer. The current transformer 34 produces a voltage on the relay winding 26 proportional to the current in the conductors 4|] and for the conditions assumed is of great enough magnitude to operate the relay. The switch 63 is opened to deenergize the contactor 83 by the opening of the contacts 82 operated with the switch 63. The auxiliaries may again be energized by resetting the switch 63 in the manner described above.

Under some conditions of operation it is desirable to continue the operation of the locomotive even though a ground exists in the transformer secondary coil or in an auxiliary. The locomotive operation is rendered substantially independent of secondary faults by operating the cut-out swith .4 to position 2. The resistance section is thereby included in the circuit to ground by way of conductor 4|] and limits the current flow to such a degree that the current transformer 34 only causes operation. of the relay in response to fault current of relatively great magnitude.

The operation of the relay I9 is rendered entirely independent of the current transformer 34 by operating the switch 44 to position 3 so that the entire resistance 39 is effective in limiting the current through the transformer 34. By increasing the resistance of the transformer ground current instead of opening the circuit, a leakage path is maintained for the transformer secondary coil. The leakage circuit consequently avoids the building up of static potentials in the event that the fault is accidentally removed without the knowledge of the operator.

While we have shown a particular embodiment of our invention, it will be understood, of course, that we do not wish to be limited thereto since many modifications may be made, and we, therefore, contemplate by the appended claims to cover any such modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of our invention.

What we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is:

1. In combination, a transformer having primary and secondary coils for supplying power to a load circuit, a relay provided with an overload operating winding for controlling the energization of said load circuit, and current transformers respectively responsive to the current entering and the current leaving said primary coil connected in series accumulative relation with said winding for operating said relay to deenergize said load circuit upon the occurrence of an overload current of predetermined magnitude.

2. In combination, a transformer having primary and secondary coils for supplying power to a load circuit, a relay provided with an overload winding for controlling the energization of said load circuit, current transformers respectively responsive to the current entering and the current leaving said primary coil connected in series accumulative relation with said winding for operating said relay, a second winding for operat ing said relay, and connections for connecting said second winding for energization in response to the difference between the current entering and the current leaving said primary transformer coil.

3. In combination, electrical energy converting means having a coil, a relay for controlling the energization of said coil, an overload winding for operating said relay, a pair of current transformers for energizing said overload Winding in response to the current entering and the current leaving said coil, a second operating winding for said relay, and means including said current transformers for energizing said second winding in response to the difference between the current entering and the current leaving said coil.

4. In combination, a transformer having primary and secondary coils for supplying power through a circuit controlling means, means for protecting said transformer upon the occurrence of ground, short circuit, or overload conditions comprising a winding energized in re spo-nse to the current entering and leaving said primary coil, a second winding responsive to the difference between the current entering and the current leaving said primary coil, and means responsive to both of said windings for controlling said circuit controlling means.

5. In combination, a transformer having primary and secondary coils for supplying power to a load circuit, circuit controlling means connected between said secondary coil and said load circuit, means for protecting said transformer and said circuit upon the occurrence of ground, short circuit, or overload conditions comprising a winding energized in response to the current entering and leaving said primary coil, a second winding responsive to the difference between the current entering and the current leaving said primary coil, and means responsive to the energization of both of said windings for operating said circuit controlling means.

6. In combination, an alternating current traction drive including a transformer having primary and secondary coils, an overload and ground protective relay comprising a split phase shaded pole induction motor, a winding on the stator of said motor, means for energizing said winding in response to the load current entering said primary coil and to the load current leaving the primary coil of said transformer, a second winding on the stator of said motor, and connections for connecting said second winding in a circuit with said first winding for operating said relay upon the occurrence of a predetermined difference between the current entering and the current leaving said primary coil.

'7. In combination, a power transformer having primary and secondary coils for supplying power to a load circuit, a relay for controlling the energization of said load circuit, an overload winding for operating said relay, means including a pair of current transformers for energizing said overload winding in response to the current entering and the current leaving said transformer primary coil; a second winding for operating said relay, means including said current transformers for energizing said second Winding in response to the difference between the current entering and the current leaving said primary coil, a circuit extending from substantially the mid-portion of said transformer secondary coil to ground, and a current transformer responsive to the current flowing in said last mentioned circuit for energizing said second relay winding whereby said transformer is protected against overload and against grounds in either its primary or secondary windings.

8. In combination with a traction drive for a locomotive provided with a pantograph and a motor load, of an overload and ground protective relay, means responsive to predetermined overload current flow for rotating said relay a predetermined amount, circuit controlling contacts operable by said predetermined rotation of said relay for deenergizing, said motor load, means responsive to a predetermined ground current flow for further rotating said relay beyond said predetermined amount, and additional contacts on said relay operable by said further rotation of said relay for completing connections from said pantograph to ground.

9. The combination with an alternating current motor control system for a locomotive provided with a pantograph, a transformer having primary and secondary coils, and a motor load, of a circuit breaker for connecting said motor load to Said secondary coil, a protective relay including contacts for controlling the energization of said circuit breaker, means responsive to a predetermined motor load for operating said relay to open said contacts, manually controlled means operable to a predetermined position to prepare said contacts for reclosure and for effecting their reclosure after said manually controlled means has been released.

10. The combination with an alternating current motor control system for a locomotive provided with a pantograph, a transformer having primary and secondary coils and a motor load, and a circuit breaker for connecting said motor load to said secondary coil, of a protective relay for said system having an operating element comprising a split phase, shaded pole induction motro, a winding on the stator of said motor energized in response to the load current entering and leaving said primary coil, a second winding on said stator responsive to the difference between the current entering and leaving said transformer primary coil, the said windings being arranged to cause rotation of said relay in one direction, biasing means normally biasing said relay for rotation in the reverse direction, a latch, and a voltage responsive coil for holding said latch in a position to prevent rotation of said relay in said reverse direction beyond a predetermined position.

11. The combination with an alternating current motor control system for a locomotive provided with a pantograph, a transformer having primary and secondary coils, and a motor load, of a circuit breaker for connecting said motor load to said secondary coil, a protective relay for said system having an operating element comprising a split phase, shaded pole induction motor, a winding on the stator of said motor responsive to a predetermined load current entering and leaving said primary coil for causing rotation of said motor in' a forward direction, a second winding on said stator responsive to differences in current flowing to and from said transformer primary coil for causing rotation of said motor in the forward direction, contacts responsive to a predetermined rotation of said motor for deenergizing said circuit breaker, a grounding switch for said pantograph, and a second pair of contacts arranged to be closed in response to additional rotation of said motor for operating said grounding switch to ground said pantograph. l

12. The combination with an alternating current motor control system'for a locomotive provided with a pantograph, a transformer having primary and secondary coils, and a motor load, of a circuit breaker for connecting said motor load to said secondary coil, a protective relay for said system having an operating element comprising a split phase, shaded pole induction motor, a winding on the stator of said motor responsive to a predetermined load current entering and leaving said primary coil for causing rotation of said motor in a forward direction, a second winding on said stator responsive to differences in current flowing to and from said transformer primary coil for causing rotation of said motor in a forward direction, contacts responsive to a predetermined rotation of said motor for deenergizing said circuit breaker, a grounding switch for said pantograph, a second pair of contacts arranged to be closed in response to additional rotation of said motor for operating said grounding switch to ground said pantograph, the said windings being arranged to maintain said second pair of contacts closed so long as current flows from said trolley to said grounding switch and to ground.

13. In combination, an electric locomotive, an alternating current motor control system therefor including a transformer having primary and secondary coils, a motor load, a circuit breaker connected between said secondary coil and said load, auxiliaries for said locomotive connected to said secondary coil, a ground circuit for said secondary coil, resistance means for controlling the current flow in said circuit, a protective relay, current responsive means responsive to a predetermined current flow in said ground circuit for operating said relay, and means responsive to the operation of said relay for deenergizing said auxiliaries, and means for adjusting said resistance means to limit the current flow in said ground circuit sufiiciently to prevent operation of said relay by said current responsive means.

14. In combination, an electric locomotive, an alternating current motor control system therefor including a transformer having primary and secondary coils, a motor load, a circuit breaker connected between said secondary coil and said load, auxiliaries for said locomotive connected to said secondary, a ground circuit for said secondary, resistance means for controlling the current flow in said circuit, a protective relay, means responsive to a predetermined current flow in said circuit for operating said relay, means responsive to the operation of said relay for deenergizing said auxiliaries and said motor load, and means for adjusting at will said resistance means so as to vary the current required in said ground circuit for the operation of said relay whereby said locomotive can be operated even though'current flows in said ground circuit.

15. The combination with an alternating current motor control system for a locomotive provided with a pantograph, a transformer having primary and secondary coils and a motor load, of a circuit breaker for connecting said motor load to said secondary coil, a protective relay for said system having an operating element provided with a stator and a rotor, an overload winding on said stator responsive to the load current entering and leaving said primary coil, a second operating winding on said stator responsive to the difierence between the currents entering and leaving said primary coil, a predetermined energization of either of said windings causing rotation of said rotor in a forward direction, biasing means normally biasing said relay for rotation in the reverse direction, a latch, a voltage responsive coil for holding said latch in a position to prevent rotation of said relay in said reverse direction beyond a predetermined position, tripfree contacts operated by a predetermined rotation of said relay in the forward direction to deenergize said circuit breaker, a second pair of contacts, means responsive to a predetermined additional rotation of said relay in the forward direction for closing said second pair of contacts, a grounding switch for said pantograph, means responsive to the closing of said second pair of contacts for closing said grounding switch to deenergize said transformer and said voltage responsive coil, a third pair of contacts on said relay arranged to be closed by a predetermined rotation of said relay in the reverse direction beyond said predetermined position, operating means responsive to the closing of said third pair of contacts for lowering said pantograph, said latch cooperating with one of said contacts for preventing further movement of said relay, and manual means for resetting said relay.

16. In a protective relay system, in combination, electrical apparatus, a pantograph collector for connecting said apparatus to a power conductor, means for grounding the pantograph, means for lowering the pantograph to disconnect the apparatus from the power conductor, relay means responsive to abnormal current conditions in said apparatus for causing the operation of said grounding means and said pantograph lowering means in sequential relation, and means associated with said relay means and responsive to voltage conditions in said apparatus for causing the relay to be automatically reset under predetermined conditions.

JOHN F. TRITLE. JACOB W. MCNAIRY. 

